Axminster loom



C. H. COLLINS.

AXMINSTER LOOM.

Jan. 30, 1923.

FILED MAY 25, I921- WEFT TE/YSId/Y CAM L57 OFF cAM SELVRGE H HY CAM SHUTTLE 64M NEEDLE M0710]! GEAR SET ,aR CHM HEDDLE CH S come can t. M MN z a an u w Tm EL WM m a. a Z F 7 1 m FRAME Juan/207 Patented Jan. 30, 1923.

CHARLES H. COLLINS, OF GOLONIE, NEW YORK.

AXMINSTER LOOM.

Application filed. May 25, 1921. Sei'ial No. 472,437.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES H. COLLINS,

a citizen of the United States of America,-

residing at the village ofColonie, in the county of Albany and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Axminster Looms, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to looms for weaving Axminster carpets and rugs and the object of my invention is to so improve the construction of such looms, that when in operative condition they will at all times turn off a more nearly perfect product. Other objects being to simplify the construction and adjustment of such looms; to reduce the cost of upkeep by doing away with the necessity of frequent adjustment of the operatingcams; and to increase production by making it feasible to operate the looms at a higher rate of speed.

The improvements herein illustrated and described are applicable to looms of the types illustrated and described in patents to Skinner-288,26d-Nov. 13, 1883, Tymeson-571A18-Nov. 17 1896, Clark- 7 32,518J une 30, 1908, and consists broadly in providing a secondary cam shaft adapted to carry a part of the cams or other motion imparting means which in the present type of'looms are all carried on the main driving shaft; in driving the main shaft at a much higher speed than such shafts are driven in present type looms; and in driving the sec. ondary cam shaft at a slower fixed speed relative to the speed of said main shaft. (Said speed ratio depending on whether the machine is a two three or four shot loom).

I prefer to drive the secondarycam shaft from the main shaft by means of gears of suitable ratio, but I do not wish to limit myself to this means as any type of drive from any point or points which will cause the desired relative speed will answer my purpose.

As virtually all the present type looms used in the production of Axminster carpets and rugs are of the three shot type I shall confine my description and comparisons to looms of that type. I

In the present types of looms where all of the cams and motion imparting mechanisms are carried on the main or driving shaft it is-necessary to use three point cams to impart motion to the mechanisms which op-l erate the selvage shuttle, lay, weft tension, and let off and a three segment interrupted gear or a three point cam to drive the weft needle mechanism. Each of the foregoing being required to operate three'times with each revolution of the main shaft.

It is also necessary for one of the high points on the lay cam to have a longer bearing surface in order to provide the necessary dwell of the lay at the time when the pile yarns are being drawn from the spools,

yarns'are cut to their proper just before the length. r I

When the loom is in operation the time of this dwell is practically takenor transferred from the other two high'points, and it is impossible'to'have the high-points on this cam equally spaced on" the, circle if all high points are same shape, and have the lay motions synchronize withthe other motions in order to weave the desired fabric.

One particular motion which would fail to synchronize with'the lay motion, would be the needle motion which would be much too early for the lay.

I have divided the-time on the old type J of needle motion by removing some of the teeth from the interrupted gear and making one tooth less on the pinion; these changes cause the needle to dwell longer when at rest on the interrupted space and travel faster when in motion. This arrangement of the needle motion gives the proper tlmlng when lay cams are spaced equi-distant about the main shaft;

This makes the working points on the.

needle motion also equi-distant. It is therefore clearly seen that all cams pertaining to on the usual lay cam are also adisadvantage on account of the resultant uneven wear which is one cause'of poor work. The shorter high points on the lay cam wear much faster than the longer one, and when; they are worn the'throw. of the lay is short.

ened and the lay does not place the weft in proper position when operated by the worn high points. Consequently the. broad high.

point is called upon to push up all three shots. This it may fail to do, and as a consequence of such failure the tuft turning comb will poke often producing what is termed dirty back. After the weft tuft holding shot is inserted the comb is supposed to push the end of the tuft yarn around said shot and up between the cotton warps. If the tuft holding shot has not been beaten up to its proper position by the lay, the comb is apt to catch on the misplaced shot and fail to turn the ends of the tuft yarns up properly. This poking is one cause of imperfect work as those skilled in the art will readily understand.

The shuttle cams must be exactly alike and timed with the utmost exactness to the needle motion in order to make a close and uniform selvage. A poor selvage will be the result if the shape and time is not exact and the product will be classed as imperfect or seconds.

The knife or cutting motions, the clutch and tuft frame carrying motions, the chain or spool carrying motion, the comb or tuft turning motion, and the shed or heddle motion all operate but once with each revolution of the main shaft hence the cams which impart motion to these mechanisms have but one high point.

By placing the cams equidistant on their respective circles itis necessary to change the time of the frame-carrying cam by dividing the time on same so it will travel a little slower at one point and a little faster at another, in order to give the lay time to get out of the way of the frame lowering clutches.

In order to overcome the many disadvantages of the three cams on one circle (three point cams) to make a better quality fabric, do away with expensive three-point cams thus reducing the cost of construction; I cause the main shaft to run at triple the speed of such shafts on present types of looms, and instead of using three point cams I use only one point cams. This makes much less work for the loom fixer as he has only one adjustment to make, where on the old type looms he had threeone on each side of the different motions.

As the main shaft makes only about 8 R. P. M. on a present type of wide Ax Jminster loom it is obvious that where the H looms are run by high speed motors (as in most mills) it is necessary to gear down to obtain the required speed.

On account of the slow speed of the main.

.shaft it is hard to get quick motions on some of the cams where quick motions are much to be desired.

Hy running the main shaft at three times the speed atwhich they are run in the old types of looms, much better shaped cams can. he used as the angles can be reduced.

about two-thirds and still impart the re quired motion. See cam 7, in 1.

In the old type looms some of the angles are so acute that the ball or roller will almost lock with the cam points, which makes it very hard on the loom.

In my improved loom I run the main shaft at three times the speed of the main shaft in old types of looms, and use one point cams to impart the necessary motion to the selvage shuttle, lay, weft tension, and let off mechanisms; and a one segmentinterrupted gear, or a one point cum, to drive the weft needle mechanism. The cams and gear for operating these mechanisms being the only ones mounted on the main shaft of my improved loom.

Adjacent to and parallel with the main shaft 1 mount a secondary shaft adapted to carry the cams which impart motion to the tuft cutting mechanism; the frame clutch, frame carrying, and. frame lowering mechanisms; the comb or tuft turning, and. the shed or heddle mechanisms. This secondary shaft is driven at one-third the speed of the main shaft, and on it is also a ried the usual chain cam, the function of chains one space with each revolution of said shaft.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the new features of my improved loom.

In the drawings Fig.1 is apartial side elevation of my improved loom. Fig. 2 is a plan of my improved needle cam. Fig. 3 il' lustrates my improved needle motion gear set, in which 13 is the interrupted gear upon axle 3 meshing with spur gear 15 on axle 16. This is a substitute for the one point cam of Fig. 2. 4.- is a plan viewshowing diagrammatically the main and secondary which is to advance the frame carrying shafts and the cams. etc... which are mounted on each.

Referring to the drawings, 1, 2 rep resents a side frame of my improved loom, the main shaft on which is fastened in any suitable manner the pinion 4., meshing with and adapted to drive. the 5 f tened. on the secondary shaft 3. 7 represents one of the various motion in-iparting cams which are mounted on the main shaft 3, and

adapted to actuate the selvage shuttle, lay, weft tension, and let off mechanisms'of the loom. 1

On the proportionately slower turning secondary shaft '6, are to bemounted the usual cams adapted to actuate the tuft cutting mechanism; the frame clutch, frame carrying and lowering mechanism; and the comb and heddle mechanisms.

On a loom constructed in accordance with my invention greater production is obtained on account of the higher speed at which it may be safely operated. The expensev of construction is reduced. The life ofwthe cams materially lengthened onaccount of their improved shape which permits'oflthe product as a whole will be more nearly per-' feet as dirty back which is caused failure of the comb to properly turn up the ends of the tuft yarns will be an exceptional happening.

What I claim is new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an Axminster loom of the type utilizing a tube frame for inserting the tuft yarns between the warp, and a comb for turning the free ends of the tuft yarns around the tuft holding shot, the combination of: a main shaft having mounted thereon means for actuating the weft needle mechanism One cycle during each revolution thereof, a plurality of cams each adapted to actuate a part of the loom mechanism during each revolution of said main shaft, one to actuate the lay mechanism, one the selvage shuttle mechanism, and one the weft tension mechanism; and a second shaft parallel to and driven at a proportionately slower speed than said main shaft and having mounted thereon a plurality of cams each adapted to actuate a part of the loom mechanism during each revolution of said second shaft, one to actuate the tuft cutting mechanism, one the frame carrying mechanism, one the clutch mechanism, one the comb or tuft turning mechanism, and one for each shed or heddle mechanism.

2. In an Axminster loom of the'type utilizing a tube frame for inserting the tuft yarns between the warp, and a comb for turning the free ends of the tuft yarns around the tuft holding shot, the combination of a main shaft having mounted thereon a one segment interrupted gear adapted to actuate the weft needle mechanism one cycle during each revolution thereof, and a plurality of cams each adapted to actuate a part of the loom mechanism during each revolution of said main shaft, one to actuate the lay mechanism, one the selvage shuttle mechanism, and one the weft tension mechanism; and a second shaft parallel to and driven at a proportionately slower speed than said main shaft and having mounted thereon a plurality of cams each adapted to actuate a part of the loom mechanism during each revolution of said second'shaft, one to actuate the tuft cutting mechanism, one the frame carrying mechanism, one the comb or tuft turning mechanism, one the clutch mechanism, and one for each shed or heddle mechanism.

3. In an Axminster loom of the type utilizin a tube'frame for inserting the tuft yarns between thewarps, and a comb for turning the free "ends of the tuft yarns around the weft shots, the combination of: a mam ,sha-fthaving mounted thereon a one segment interrupted gear adapted to actuate the weft needle mechanism, and a plu rality of cams each adapted to actuate a part of the loom mechanism during each revolution of said main shaft, one to actuate the lay mechanism, one the selvage shuttle mechanism, and one the weft tension mechanism, and a second shaft parallel to and.

driven at a proportionately slower speed than said main shaft and having mounted thereon va pluralityof cams each adapted to actuate a part of the loom mechanism during each revolution thereof, one to actuate the tuft cutting mechanism, one the frame carrying mechanism, one the clutch mechanism, one the comb or tuft turning mechanism, and one-for each shed or heddle mechnism; and means for driving one of said shafts from the other.

4:. In an Axminster'loom ofthe type utilizing a tube frame for inserting the tuft yarns between the wrap yarns and a comb to turn the free ends of the tuft yarns around the weft or tuft holding shot, the combination of a main shafthaving mounted thereon means for actuating the weft needle mechanism one cycle during each revolution thereof, and a cam having but one high point adapted to actuate the lay mechanism. and a plurality of cams each adapted to actuate a different part of the loom mechanism;

a second shaft parallel to said main shaft to actuate other parts of the loom mechamsm; and means for drlvmg said second and having mounted thereon cams adapted shaft at a speed proportionately slower than that of said main shaft.

ing a tube frame for inserting the tuft yarns between the warp yarns and a comb for turning the free ends of the tuft yarns around the weft or tuft holding shot, the combination of a main shaft having mounted thereon a cam having but one high point and adapted to actuate the selvage shuttle 5. In an Axminster loom of the typeutiliz- I mechanism, and a plurality of cams each adapted to actuate a different part of the loom mechanism; a second shaft parallel to said main shaft and alsohaving mounted thereon a plurality of cams adapted to actuate other parts of the loom mechanism; and means for driving said second shaft at a speed proportionately slower than that of said main shaft.

6. In an Axminster loom of the type utilizing a tube frame for inserting the tuft yarns between the warp yarns and a comb for turning "the free ends of the tuft yarns around the weft or tuft holding shot, the combination of a main shaft having mounted thereon a cam having but one high point adapted to actuate other parts of the loom and adapted to actuate the Weft tension mechanism; and means for driving said mechanism, and a plurality of cams each second shaft at a speed proportionately 10 adapted to actuate a different part of slower than that of said main shaft.

the loom mechanism; a second shaft par- In testimony whereof I have affixed my allel to said main shaft and also having signature.

mounted thereon a plurality of cams CHARLES H. COLLINS. 

